Pelvic floor spasms can develop from a variety of factors that often overlap and interact. Pregnancy and childbirth can strain and stretch the pelvic muscles, sometimes leading to tightness or injury, while trauma or direct injury from falls, accidents, or other incidents can also trigger spasms.

Surgical procedures such as hysterectomies, prostatectomies, or pelvic organ repairs may disrupt muscles or nerves, and scar tissue from these surgeries can limit normal movement. Chronic straining, whether from constipation, overuse of the muscles, or repeated effort during bowel movements, places additional stress on the pelvic floor. An overactive bladder or frequent urination can cause the muscles to contract repeatedly, increasing tension.

Neurological conditions like multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, or spinal cord injuries can interfere with the nerve signals that control these muscles. Muscle tone naturally decreases with age, and some people may have a genetic predisposition toward overly tight muscles.

Carrying extra weight adds pressure to the pelvic floor, raising the risk of spasms and pelvic organ prolapse, while psychological stress and poor posture can tighten these muscles unconsciously, making symptoms worse. Often, these causes combine, such as chronic constipation coupled with stress or poor posture, creating a cycle of tightening, pain, and dysfunction.